Comparing Australian and Japanese Lifestyles Essay Example

Comparing Australian and Japanese Lifestyles Essay Example Comparing Australian and Japanese Lifestyles Essay Comparing Australian and Japanese Lifestyles Essay Comparing Australian and Japanese lifestyles Education system in Japan to Australia The Japanese school and education system is very strong and one of the best in the world with 100% enrolment rate and only 2% high school dropout rate. The school system in set out in a 6-3-3-4 6 years in primary school, 3 years in junior or elementary, 3 years in high school and 4 years at University or collage. This school system is very different in Australia with school rates can be up to 17% with a far perfect enrolment percentage. The school system also sees us attending 7 years in primary school, 6 years in high school and around 4 years in University or tafe witch is offered to Australian students. Tafe is an alternate option to University you may attend tafe without your HSC. Japanese year goes from April to March it is a 3 term year and for holidays getting 6 weeks for summer and 2 weeks for a winter and spring break they arrange to have holiday breaks when most of the holidays are on like cherry blossom festival. But for elementary school who have 6 hour day with is one of the longest school days in the world, they also only get 6 week holidays in summer and 2 week holiday in winter and spring witch if always filled with homework. Australia school year ends in the middle of December and starts on the 1st of February. Having a 4 terms throughout with a 6 week- 7 week summer holiday and 2 week holidays in spring, winter and autumn. Japanese children find school to be a tough part of their life waking up early and coming home late with very little days off and lots of homework, working close to every hour of the day and making school there life. Because of the petite amount of teachers and stuff they cram 40-50 students in a class room making them have little time one on one with the teacher. Where Australians schools are much more free have little homework of the younger years, with holidays that are not filled with homework the school day is also shorter and ending with happier kids. Australia has many trained teachers making 20-30 students in a class leaving kids better involved. Gender roles Gender roles in japan are developing everyday but they are not as evolved as the western society. Japan still sticks into the belief of the wife doing most of the domestic housework leaving the husband doing as little as 20 mins a day if any. A modern Japanese family also tries to keep as little as possible contact with the wife and husband leaving an half an hour a day of conversation. The wife also is in charge of childcare, saying that the husband must only play with children on weekends. Once their first child is born into a Japanese family the wife must only called mother and the husband dad. Australian culture thinks very differently. Because of are right to a say in our society we have grown to have our own personality and interest, leaving us with every Australian household family to be very unique and every little way. Children in Australia normally use their experience with their mum and dad and what they believed where there gender roles in the house hold, and use them in their own families once they have grown up. These roles could be from the traditional wife stays at home cooks and cleans while husband works and brings in the income, to both parents working and everyone in the house pitches in to keep the house clean. In my personal experience my dad worked while my mum stayed at home, when I have a family I hope to do that to so I can build a strong relationship with my children and be there for them at any time of the day when they need me. Every country has different beliefs and values and that’s what we have seen the diversity in the Japanese and Australian way of living. None of them are a wrong way of living or right it is what we grow up with and what are family’s think are the best of us, the way we grow up is to make us good people who have lots of knowledge so we can make responsible and well thought out dictions in the future, for bringing up a family or making your own career path it’s up to you.

The Changing Meaning of Mural

The Changing Meaning of Mural The Changing Meaning of Mural The Changing Meaning of Mural By Maeve Maddox Because I am used to thinking of a mural as a painting on a wall, I was startled to hear a local radio announcer refer to a contest for artists to submit designs to paint â€Å"murals† on storm drains. Storm drains are on the ground. They are also rather small. I think of murals as being quite large. Here’s the definition from the OED: mural (noun): a painting executed directly on to a wall or ceiling as part of a scheme of decoration. I was surprised to see ceiling included in the definition. Mural derives from the Latin word for wall: murus. The Latin adjective is muralis, â€Å"of or relating to a wall.† According to the OED, mural in the context of painting is an American coinage dating from 1908. In earlier British usage, a mural was â€Å"a fruit tree grown against and fastened to a wall.† In US urban settings, mural is used in its customary sense, but recently it has come to be used of paintings made on sidewalks, on streets, and even on such things as benches. Here are some examples from news stories originating in different parts of the country: Last year, the CARE neighborhood in partnership with Banner Neighborhoods painted a street mural in the intersection at the south side of the market. - Maryland. University Facilities and Services is coordinating a project featuring storm drain murals to encourage pollution awareness. - Illinois. Monroe Municipal Mural on sidewalk - Georgia. This year another ten local artists were chosen to  paint murals  on ten  storm drains  in the Springfield area.  - Missouri. The new FABnyc  sidewalk mural, fashioned by  Ecuadorian artist Raà ºl Ayala is among our favorite public artworks to surface this year. - New York. â€Å"Only rain down the drain,† reads a mural painted on a concrete bench on the west side of Matthews Street halfway between Green Street and Springfield Avenue. - Illinois. This expanded meaning for mural has resulted in the creation of the retronym â€Å"wall mural.† For Drew and me, painting wall murals has been a great source of extra income. Its finally time to put the finishing touches on the Library Wall Mural and seal it. We completed a big full color wall mural in Naga Gallery. Purists may cringe at the idea of â€Å"sidewalk murals,† but if the painting on a ceiling can be called a mural, I suppose that a large painting on the floor or the ground might reasonably share the term. To refer to a painting or design on a small surface such as a bench or a storm drain as a mural, however, seems to be an unnecessary stretch of meaning. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FuturePeople versus Persons30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

Database Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Database Systems - Assignment Example A distributed request refers data from several different data processor sites. Each request can access data from many sites where a transaction access several data sites. Similar to requests, transactions can also be categorised as remote and distributed. A remote transaction is composed with several requests but accesses data in a single data processor site. A distributed transaction allows referring several local and remote data processor sites where an individual request can refer data in single location but the entire transaction will refer several sites to complete the transaction. Question 2 Most of these problems occur due to data transformation incompatibilities and conventions used. With in the different divisions of an organization, operational data may vary in terms of how they are recorded or on the data type and structures used. For an example if we take a sales company the Customer service division may use ‘pending’,’ active’, ‘inactiveà ¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘cancelled’ but Audit division may use number tags such as 1, 2, 3, and 4. For same two divisions they may use different conventions for entering customer phone number to the database. For an instance where the phone number can be entered as 091-3453489 by Audit division and the Customer services division enters it as 0913453489.

Professional Experience As A Key Determinant In Seeking A Career Essay

Professional Experience As A Key Determinant In Seeking A Career - Essay Example As many students are encouraged to pursue a given field based upon their own values, belief systems, and worldview, so similarly are educators and practitioners encouraged to give back to their community with respect to the desire to impart the values, beliefs, and worldview. What such a unique model creates within the Walden University setting is a situation in which passionate practitioners seek to impart their expertise to eager learners who also have a desire to practice such a trade within the workforce (Walden University 2012). Naturally, beyond a mere understanding of the practical application, the scholar-practitioners are able to engage the students with the unique idealism that they so eagerly seek with reference to the potential career they will be pursuing. Similarly, one of the main goals that a student will realize is that they have a profound desire to positively affect the lives and health of those under their charge. Although they may not be specialists in the medical sense of the term, they are nonetheless an integral link in the chain of healthcare providers that help to relay a high quality of care to those under their purview (ACHA 2011). Similarly, the roles and responsibilities of a manager with regards to the healthcare organization of today are increasingly varied and complex. As such, it requires a great deal of expertise to be able to handle the plethora of different demands and constraints that such a complex and storied profession requires (Health Management Careers 2012). As such, some of the key skills which one requires in order to succeed in such a field involve superior time management, understandings of the key complications that seek to differentiate aspects of the healthcare industry, a clear understanding and application of ethics and morality, compassion for and identification with a host of individuals from different ethnicities and backgrounds, as well as a profound regard for seeking the greater good and ameliorating suffering wherever it may be found.

US as a World Power Essay Example for Free

US as a World Power Essay In the 1890’s, the idea of imperialism had begun imprinting itself in American minds. Many Americans began to believe that the United States was either going to explode or expand. Our country had a new sense of power which was generated from the growth of our industry and wealth. There were Americans who had pushed the idea of imperialism through books and articles, calling it the adventures of childhood dreams. The first moments had begun with President Cleveland and his secretary of state James G. Blaine. Imperialism had come off as an idea that benefited the world but, the cold hard truth was that we were simply just benefiting ourselves. Our new international interests began in several ways. Blaine had pushed the Big Sister policy, with this policy we were able to get the Latin Americans to rally with Uncle Sam. This give off an impression that we want to help out the others, give them an idea of bond ship with the United States but in reality, what we truly wanted was their open markets and utilize them for ourselves. Document A shows how power-hungry we are, wanting â€Å"to show our strength† and wanting â€Å"the taste of Empire†. One of the first ways we showed off our new, violent, and power hungry status was in 1899 against Germany. The two nations had been bickering over the Samoan Islands. Luckily, this was resolved and no war broke out. Alaska, another area of issues that occurred between The U. S. and Canada. This fight was a more idealistic than self interest one though. The hostilities had begun with seal hunting which, the United States was against giving off their humanitarian ideology. Doc. B, provide an explanation of this by stating that â€Å"we cannot fly from our world duties†. Hawaii was another area of interest to America. It’s location was able to hold a naval and it was enriched with resources the nation could use. American planters were searching for ways to secure Hawaii’s annexation. The Queen of Hawaii was against this and believed that her natives should keep control. The whites then revolted and the U. S. rushed to annexation but, President Cleveland withdrew the idea. The majority of the Hawaiian natives were against the idea and the idea of annexation was temporarily abandoned. We didn’t want to give Hawaii freedom and they didnt want it either, we just wanted to have over their island. Doc. C provide a well example of this, â€Å"they like their own way† yet we act as â€Å"amongst them as ruler†, not giving them the freedom. Cuba was another moment in our imperialistic time, where it was idealism than self-interest, supposedly. The Cuban’s were trying to revolt against their leaders in 1895. America gave their sympathies to the Cubans but were largely worried about their investments in the land. Senator Lodge at the time even showed their self-interest ways, â€Å"whoever controlled Cuba controls the Gulf†. McKinley, President at the time, gave in and sent the war message to free Cuba. Proposing the lie called The Teller Amendment after Cuba America was free but, not entirely. The Cubans were forced to sign to the Platt Amendment which basically, set them still under American control. This situation proves right here wanted control, not their freedom. Doc. D proves this control with stating, That the United States owns them but, â€Å"it can not incorporate them as part of the United States†. In1901, Theodore Roosevelt had taken the reigns of the U. S.  He had his own form of foreign policy called the Big Stick. The Big Stick policy was extremely aggressive and was very built around self-interest. Imperialists applauded his every move. His first move was the Panama Canal. The Colombian senate rejected the American offer of 10 million which Roosevelt didnt take fondly. In order to build his canal , Roosevelt sponsored a revolt in Panama and gained the opportunity to construct it with a larger zone. This situation right here shows how The U. S. truly did all the imperialistic moves in order to support itself not the world.

History And Development Of The Internet Essay -- essays research paper

History and Development of the Internet The internet is a global computer network connecting millions and millions of users throughout the world. (Leiner, 2). It has become one of the fastest growing forms of communication today. (Marshall, 1). The Internet started as a Defense Department Cold War experiment in the 1950’s. (Academic American, 225). The government needed a way to relay information between tanks and headquarters so the APRA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) sought a way to let signals from the battlefield reach a headquarters computer using satellites and radio signals. At the same time the command posts of the nation were located deep underground in mountains in fear of nuclear war. (Diamond, 3). Paul Baran, working for the U.S. Air Force, developed a network that could reroute itself around damage caused by the impact of an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile by using "redundancy of connectivity". This meant that in the event of a break in the network the server would re-route the information in an alternate path through a new technique called "packet switching". Packet Switching is a means of breaking up the message being sent into small packets which carry enough inform ation to seek out its destination and sending them out separately towards the destination server. The message after being broken up would take separate routes to the destination and then be re-assembled by the computer at the server where the message was being sent. This was good because with more than one route for information to travel on, the enemy did not have one central point to target their attack to break the lines of communication and in the event of some break in the line information could still travel through. (Diamond, 4). This all interested the APRA enough to fund the research and development of an experimental computer network with hopes of demonstrating the feasibility of remote computer operation from the battlefield. Vinton Cerf also called "The Father of the Internet", a graduate student working at UCLA began to take interest in the 4 node APRAnet, and in 1973 developed the first TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) software. (Leiner, 4). TCP/IP software converts messages into streams, transmits them acro... ...e the controversial newsgroups (until this point net. had held everything). Some systems had refused to carry the controversial newsgroups like net.rec.drugs so the ".alt" (alternative) hierarchy was created. (Diamond, 12) After the development and merger of APRAnet and usenet the internet began to grow exponentially. (Diamond, 11). The internet evolved from a small government project to the fastest growing form of communication it is today. (Blom, 2) Bibliography "Internet." Academic American Encyclopedia. 1996. Diamond, Edwin and Stephen Bates. "The Ancient History of the Internet." American Heritage. Oct. 1995: pp. 34+. In Social Issues Resource Series, Inc. History- Article #17. Blom, Eric. "Ruts in Rural Info Highway." Maine Sunday Telegram (Portland, ME). CD Newsbank. 12 April 1998. Mashall, Joshua Micah. "Will Free Speech Get Tangled in the Net?" American Prospect. Jan./Feb. 1998: pp. 46-50. In Social Issues Resource Series, Inc. Internet, Censorship- Article #1. Leiner, Barry. "A Brief History of the Internet." 17 December 1998. http://www.isoc.org/internet-history/brief.html

Maori Culture Essay

Abstract The Maori, which means â€Å"ordinary or common,† arrived in New Zealand in the 14th century. Polynesian by descent, they came from the mythical land of Hawaiki, believed by many experts to be a combination of places, including Tahiti, Samoa, Hawaii and the Cook Islands. Upon arriving in New Zealand, the Maori dubbed the picturesque land Aotearoa, or â€Å"land of the long white cloud.† The Maori Culture The Maori like many other Pacific Islanders started their journey in a canoe. Living on an island afforded the Maori with a unique and diverse culture that is still evident in Modern day New Zealand. In the next few pages I will give you a brief glimpse of the Maori way of life then and now. I will discuss the belief and value system, gender roles, healing the sick and also the impact of Colonialism on the Maori way of life. There are three basic beliefs and values of the Maori. I nga wa o Mua, Whakapapa and Mana. I nga wa o Mu. Maori believe that ancestors and supernatural beings are ever-present and able to help the tribe in times of need. The Maori world view is to look in front of us to the past for guidance as that is where we came from. It was because of this philosophy that the Maori did not conveniently forget about the Treaty of Waitangi once it was signed. Through facing the past they can learn from past mistakes and not repeat them. This concept is totally reversed in other cultures, who try to encourage them to forget about the past and to put things behind them Whakapapa Whakapapa translated means genealogy. The Maori believe that everything and everyone are connected and therefore a part of their Whakapapa. Whakapapa includes genealogies of spiritual and mythological significance, as well as information about the person’s tribe and the land he or she lives on. The Whakapapa is passed down orally in the form of stories. One of the most famous stories is story of the creation of Aotearoa. Aotearoa was pulled from the sea by the demi god Maui. Maui was the last of five brothers and was known to be clever. He hid in the canoe of his brothers and when they would not give him bait to fish he took his magical hook and slashed his face and smeared the blood on his hook so that his blood would attract the fish. Smelling the blood the god of the sea gave Maui his biggest fish. Maui asked his brothers to not cut up and eat the fish until proper arrangements had been made to appease and thank the gods for their gift. While Maui was on land trying to pull the boat to shore his brothers started to cut the fish because it started to move. That is why Aotearoa the fish and the mountains and the valleys are where Maui’s brothers tried to cut the fish. Mana According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, Mana is â€Å"Among Polynesian and Melanesian peoples, a supernatural force or power that may be ascribed to persons, spirits, or inanimate objects. Mana may be good or evil, beneficial or dangerous, but it is not impersonal; it is never spoken of except in connection with powerful beings or things. The term was first used in the 19th century in the West in connection with religion, but mana is now regarded as a symbolic way of expressing the special qualities attributed to persons of status in a hierarchical society, of providing sanction for their actions, and of explaining their failures†. The Maori believe in three forms of Mana. The first type of Mana is the Mana that you have when you are born. This Mana comes from your Whakapapa and can attribute to the rank and status of your descendants. This Mana is not only the ancestor themselves but also the deeds that they did and the skills, traits and abilities taught to them by their tupuna (elders). The second type of Mana is Mana given to you by other people. Today there are people who seek Mana and deliberately go around trying to gain Mana by telling people about their own importance. There is a Maori saying: â€Å" The Kumara does not talk about its’ own sweetness.† But Mana seekers do exactly that. Humbleness is a very highly valued trait in the Maori world. Many of the great leaders are very humble people, hence part of their greatness. The Maori people sing their praises, thereby heightening their Mana. You will never hear the great leaders singing their own praises. It is not that they are trying to be humble; it is that they just are. The third type of Mana is Mana from the group. The best example I could come up with is the Mana of the marae. The marae is the sacred courtyard that you must be formally invited to enter for the first time. The marae is where challenges are met and issues are debated. When you stay on a Marae all are treated well and fed great food. When the visitor leaves they tell everyone about the great time they had thus increasing the Mana of the marae. If they tell everyone they were treated ill and unkind then the Mana of the marae decreases. Traditional Maori folklore focuses on oppositions between pairs, such as earth and sky, life and death, and male and female. From the time of creation the original couple, Rangi (sky) and Papa (earth) were locked in sexual union until the god Tane was able to push them apart and provide for the creation of human life. So as you can see opposition existed before the creation of human life according to Maori traditional stories. It then would suffice that opposition would exist throughout Maori culture. Premarital sexual relationships were considered normal for Maori adolescents. Both males and females were expected to have a series of private relationships before they married. When Maori females became sexually active, they were to publicly acknowledge this so that they could become tattooed. Tattooing marked their ritual and public passage into adulthood. It was also considered extremely attractive and erotic. Tattooing among the Maori was highly developed and extremely symbolic. Maori facial tattoos were created by two methods. One was by piercing and pigmenting the skin with a tattooing comb. The other was by creating permanent grooves in the face with a chisel-like instrument. . Females were also tattooed in Maori society. Female facial tattooing was known as ta ngutu. Designs were placed on the chin and lips. When it comes to sickness and healing in Maori culture things were very different before Colonization. In traditional times before the colonization of New Zealand, Maori saw science and religion as the same entity and believed that illnesses were caused by supernatural sources. Maori had a good concept of anatomy, physiology and the use of plants for healing; however there was an undefined distinction between the mind and body. Maori believed an evil spirit or a type of witchcraft would attack an individual to cause ill-health as a punishment for breaking the tapu (sacred restriction) of the family that the spirit belonged to. This type of illness was called mate atua (disease of the gods) since there was no obvious physical cause. The individual would experience pain, weakness, loss of appetite, malaise, fever and occasionally delirium due to possession of the spirit. When Captain James Cook colonized New Zealand in 1830 he brought with him, evasive plants and animals as well as guns, alcohol and diseases that the Maori were previously exposed to. New Zealand’s isolation meant that the Maori people lacked immunity to bacterial and viral infections that were common in other countries. The Maori found that their healing methods were ineffective against the new diseases and had to rely on the medicines of the missionaries. The effectiveness and popularity of the missionaries’ medicines assisted in the conversion of Maori to Christianity. It appeared to the Maori that the Christian god had superior powers and this attributed to the health and prosperity of the Europeans. The fundamentals of Maori society, culture, religion and medicine became strained as religion was involved in their everyday lives and many of their beliefs were based upon it. The people began to lose their Mana due to the shift of religion and the spread of Western knowledge undermining the tohunga’s ( spiritual leader) authority The downfall of the whare wananga (school of learning) was also due to conflict between Maori religion and Christianity. In 1907 the Tohunga Supression Act was passed due to concern being raised over the practice and safety of some tohunga. Maori healing was seen as ‘dangerous’ by Western modern medicine as it was not scientifically proven. The Tohunga Suppression Act was repealed in 1962 however this had little significance as some tohunga had practiced throughout the 20th century especially in remote rural areas of the country. Tohunga are still significant in current Rongoa Maori however modern tohunga have not been trained in traditional methods giving them a position of authority and prestige however they are still recognized as experts in their field. Many modern tohunga showed potential in their childhood by spending time with their elders and learning tribal and cultural lore. They then became an apprentice under an established tohunga to learn their expertise Current Maori healthcare is based on a holistic model that incorporates the physical, emotional, family and spiritual aspects of health. Each aspect must be treated or used to ensure full recovery of a patient. The current function of modern tohunga is varied. Conventional medicine is incorporated into the tohunga’s practice however traditional methods of karakia (chants) and inoi (prayer) are still extensively used. Native plants for medicinal purposes are widely used however application of uses varies between each practitioner. References 1. Franklin- Barbajosa, Cassandra. â€Å"Tattoo: Pigments of Imagination.† National Geographic News. March 7, 2008. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0412/online_extra.html 2. Maori.org.nz. http://www.maori.org.nz/ 3. â€Å"Moriori.† Encyclopedia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053755/Morior 4. The Legend of Maui. http://www.sacredtexts.com/pac/maui/maui04.htm 5. The Definition of Mana. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mana 6. Maori Colonization. http://www.heritagehistory.com/www/heritage.php?Dir=eras&FileName=britain_11.php

International Marketing Final Exam Essay

First Question: Disneyland Paris was one of Disneyland’s Global projects. Please discuss its advantages and disadvantages, and from reading and understanding the case suggest what was/were the mistake/s that Disney committed from the beginning till now. Second Question: Gillette is a giant company and has got a lot of success story globally, from your previous readings and your wide experience as marketing consultant specialized in International marketing. Compare between Gillette in Egypt and Gillette in Indonesia. From all aspects and suggest the best mode of entry for Gillette in Yemen. Third Question: You are the marketing consultant of Disneyland and you are thinking of a new market to enter in one or two of Arab countries. As an expert in International Marketing please consider the following: 1. Which country will you choose to enter, and why? 2. What is your mode of entry? 3. What should be taken into consideration in this regards? 4. What are the advantages and disadvantage of opening in Arab country? 5. What are the main obstacles that you are expecting to face? Fourth Question You are the working for an Egyptian company that is attempting to go globally with one of its products, and you are responsible for that, you will be deciding where and how to go. †¢ Assume that your company has † consumer or industrial product† †¢ You will follow all the needed steps to go globally from the first step that should be taken till the last decision † customization or standardization† Fifth question: Referring to the P&G case â€Å"Different for Gamble†, found in the â€Å"International Marketing Case Study.ppt† file, answer the following questions: †¢ Discuss the reasons for the initial failure for P&G in Japan. †¢ Where did P&G go wrong (if it did) in the evaluation of the Indian market and its strategy? †¢ Discuss the reasons for the differences in the performance of P&G in India and China.

Penetrating and Blunt Abdominal Trauma Essays

Penetrating and Blunt Abdominal Trauma Essays Penetrating and Blunt Abdominal Trauma Essay Penetrating and Blunt Abdominal Trauma Essay Introduction ‘Penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma’ is an article published in Critical Care Nursing Quarterly in the January to March, 2005 issue, written by Kristine L. Eckert. In this article, Kristine Eckert provides an overview of abdominal trauma related to penetrating and blunt mechanisms of injury. There are different case studies provided to illustrate interventions and treatments of different types of trauma. This article also provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the different organ systems, with complications being briefly discussed. Summary of Article The abdomen is divided anatomically into the peritoneal space, the retroperitoneal space, and the pelvis. There are both solid and hollow organs in these areas. Trauma to any of these areas in the abdomen can lead to complications including hemorrhage, shock, peritonitis, and sepsis. †Before considering a bowel injury, the patient’s respiratory, hemodynamic, and neurologic status should be evaluated because of a much greater immediate threat to life from these systems rather than a delay in bowel injury† (Eckert, 2005, p. 0). The differences between penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma and their threat to life are further illustrated in the four case studies discussed in this article. The first two case studies considered penetrating abdominal traumas. In the first case study, a male patient sustains gunshot wounds to his chest, back, and leg. With the gunshot wound, he suffers hemothorax, injuries to his lungs, bilateral kidney, diaphragm, liv er and small bowel, laceration of spleen, and tear to the distal end of his esophagus. The second case involves a male victim of a drive-by shooting with two gunshots wound to the right buttock and left lateral thigh. This type of gunshot wound is considered of the transabdominal nature, and the patient is a candidate for immediate surgery; computed tomography (CT) scanning was not completed prior to entry to the Operating Room (OR). With these gunshot wounds, he suffers bladder lacerations, perforation, retroperitoneal hematoma in the right pelvic area, and a gunshot wound to his thigh, which left him with a femur fracture. It is important to keep in mind that the external appearance of the wound does not determine the extent of internal injury. By just looking at the external location of a gunshot wound, certain organs or cavities may appear not to be involved. However, the trajectory of the bullet plays an important role in the extent of internal injury. The trajectory of the bullet depends on the caliber of the bullet, along with the angle and distance from which the gun was fired. The bullet can change its path and refract off of bony surfaces. Therefore, the assessment should include distinguishing the entrance and exit wounds and their locations, to assist in determining the trajectory of the bullet and what organs may be involved. It is necessary to have an exploratory laparotomy surgery for most gunshot wounds to the abdomen for damage control, even though the wound may appear to be superficial. The principles of damage control surgery are to: control hemorrhage, prevent contamination from the bowel, and to avoid further injury. In conjunction with clinical findings and patient symptoms, CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with contrast, most commonly diagnose spleen and liver injuries. CT scan is the most sensitive diagnostic tool for most abdominal trauma injuries. A FAST scan is an inexpensive and rapid, noninvasive ultrasound that can be performed at the bedside to quickly evaluate intras of blunt abdominal traumas are presented in the last two case studies. In the third case study, a restrained elderly female driver was involved in a motor vehicle crash without airbag deployment. The female patient presents with unilateral weakness and complaints of chest pain. She has no visible trauma but her CT scan revealed liver laceration, multiple right rib fractures, and a grade I pancreatic contusion. Later, diagnosis includes right calcaneus fracture and a right proximal ulnar process fracture. The last case study is of a young female teenage passenger involved in a motor vehicle collision. Her main complaint is primarily abdominal pain. Assessment reveals an abrasion across the lower abdomen from iliac crest to iliac crest with mild tenderness to palpation. Initial complete blood count is normal. However, within three hours, her white count doubled, showing signs and symptoms of peritonitis. During surgery, a small bowel and a large bowel laceration, and a minor spleen laceration were noted. Undetected abdominal trauma can rapidly lead to death due to hemorrhage, shock, and sepsis. Common injuries due to blunt abdominal trauma can include: tears to the liver, rupture spleen, pancreatic tear, duodenum rupture, and kidney injuries. Evaluation of Article This is an interesting article, presenting an overview of both penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma. After reading this article, a deeper insight into understanding of both penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma is developed. The case studies are written in such a way to provide a step-by-step occurrence to the scenarios, making one feel part of the experience. The case studies help by providing a clearer picture and understanding of how each different injury led to a different outcome. This writer especially likes the breakdown of different organs and systems, and the significance they presented to each injury. The journal author provides a review of the systems, which was refreshing to one’s memory while reading about each organ and system, thus lending to the article being easily read. The injury grading scales of organs, such as the: liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas, were clearly graded. This breakdown helps one develop a better understanding of the different injury levels. The abdominal assessment signs are an interesting tool to have, although they are not conclusive in diagnosis. This writer does not personally work with trauma patients. However, this valuable knowledge can come in handy when exposed to the chance to work with trauma patients. It helps by looking at gunshot injuries and motor vehicle accident injuries from a different perspective. One must look at a bigger picture and use critical thinking skills, as with all other injuries. However, it is interesting to know that in both penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma that the genitourinary system has the most common injuries. This article also includes an assessment of trauma patients with: observation, auscultation, perineum, rectal, and vaginal examinations. This assessment is clearly outlined, and easily followed. The knowledge from this article can be relevant to both nurses and practitioners because it provides a clear outline of the assessment process. The only section found to be slightly irrelevant is the detail about the surgical procedure in the first case study. However, it is not redundant. Actually, the information regarding the surgical procedure is found to be interesting, as it allows one to know the detail of the procedure so that the whole process can be understood. Conclusion This article provides a practical overview of abdominal trauma, with incidence of abdominal injuries being discussed and illustrated through case studies. Significant complications of intestinal injury include wound dehiscence, wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, short bowel syndrome, and intestinal obstruction. The treatments and interventions discussed are applicable to nursing assessment, clinical practice, and prevent of complications. In addition to the anatomy and physiology of the different organ systems overviewed, the complications are discussed, and the differences between solid and hollow organs are reviewed, all valuable knowledge to develop. Reference Eckert, K. L. (2005). Penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 28(1), 41-59.

The Law of Conservation of Energy Defined

The Law of Conservation of Energy Defined The law of conservation of energy is a physical law that states energy cannot be created or destroyed but may be changed from one form to another. Another way of stating this law of chemistry is to say the total energy of an isolated system remains constant or is conserved within a given frame of reference. In classical mechanics, conservation of mass and conversation of energy are considered to be two separate laws. However, in special relativity, matter may be converted into energy and vice versa, according to the famous equation E mc2. Thus, its more appropriate to say mass-energy is conserved. Example of Conservation of Energy If a stick of dynamite explodes, for example, the chemical energy contained within the dynamite changes into kinetic energy, heat, and light. If all this energy is added together, it will equal the starting chemical energy value. Consequence of Conservation of Energy One interesting consequence of the law of conservation of energy is that it means perpetual motion machines of the first kind are not possible. In other words, a system must have an external power supply to continuously deliver unlimited energy to its surroundings. Its also worth noting that its not always possible to define conservation of energy because not all systems have time translation symmetry. For example, conservation of energy may not be defined for time crystals or for curved space times.

Effective Performance Appraisal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effective Performance Appraisal System - Essay Example The systems approach will identify the barriers and emphasize on defining the objective of performance appraisal, determine what time would be effective for conducting the process, the addition of some effective appraisal categories, and concentrating on the result of the appraisal and finding loopholes if necessary. I can consider the systems performance appraisal approach being used in my organization effectively as it is based on all the factors discussed above and it also takes into account some other factors such as results, objectives, behavior, competencies and several arrangements of methods. In this paper I will further discuss how I would ensure that the solution I recommended complies with five requirements defined by Cascio, which are sensitivity, relevance, reliability, practicality and acceptability. I will also be shedding light on how by preventing some legal difficulties the organization can avoid the rating error. The results of the previous assessment will also be compared with the finding in order to analyze the recommended performance appraisal system (Kondrasuk, 2012). The terms performance reviews and performance evaluation hold the same meaning as the â€Å"Performance Appraisal†. Performance appraisal is considered to be the assessment conducted to evaluate the performance of employees. It is also defined as an assessment conducted to provide the employees feedback on their performance. Performance appraisal is also defined to be a system where the expected job performance is compared with employee’s actual job performance, providing feedback to the employees so that they may change their goals accordingly and enhance their performance in future. Performance management of employees is considered to be an integral part of the performance appraisal system. McGrath has explained in detailed the Integrated performance management that is based on strategic and operational plans,

Public Administration The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Research Paper

Public Administration The Good, The Bad, The Ugly - Research Paper Example However, the failure of the House Republicans to endorse the process compelled President Obama to come up with immigration accountability executive actions. The actions target to provide a mechanism for fighting illegal crossing at the borders; deport felons who upset national security and overall public safety without including their families and running a background check of the undocumented illegal immigrants. The check will prompt the workers to pay their taxes legally and offer temporary stay before the payment (The White House, 2015). A regulatory public policy supports the move by the president to put an end to the illegal population in United States. A regulatory policy is aimed at limiting the actions of any person, group or organization to protect the general public or the portion of the public that is directly affected by those actions. Remarkably, a number of regulations aim at reducing criminal or illegal activities. The administration policies focus on regulating the practices of businesses to ensure that they uphold fair and competitive practices for all American citizens. Both state and federal government carry out the regulatory efforts to monitor organizations or agencies that upset stability of the economy. The propositions by the Obama government about immigration are built on the existing Immigration and National Act. The Immigration and National Act is a public policy that was created first in 1952 (West, 2010). The immigration law has so far received new provisions and reorganization in terms of structure. The government noted the need to reinforce homeland security procedures, governance of corporations and financial institutions following the rampant cases of terrorist activities and the turbulent state of the economy. The authority and regulatory grip of the government will be expanded if the entire congress and the senate endorse the proposed reforms. The previous governments have constituted the regulatory