The Atomic Age - 869 Words

After the war in Europe had ended, the United States’ needed to terminate their participation in World War II. In order to end the war, military action had to be taken against the Japanese so cause them to surrender. The only issue was finding a way to carry out an attack that would have low casualties and funding. During the war, the Japanese soldiers fought to the death, including mass suicides and attacks by kamikazes, or suicide bombings in planes. A land invasion, such as D-day, could have caused a large death toll on Japan, and also cause many Americans to lose their lives. The United States believed that to end the war they must make a critical blow to the Japanese. Thus the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings were born. The bombings†¦show more content†¦Nagasaki, the secondary bombing location, had its own reasons for its selection. Although, It was believed that the mountains and the strange lay-out of the city would reduced the area of destruction, it had been c hosen as a target because it was one of the largest seaports in southern Japan and contained many factories that made ships, military equipment, and other war materials. The combined destruction of these cities was thought to finally cause Japan to surrender unconditionally. On the morning of August 6, 1945, about an hour before the bomb exploded over Hiroshima, Japanese radar had detected American aircraft off the coast of southern Japan. As the planes grew closer japanese operators had determined that the group of planes was very small, too small for an air raid or bombing run. They concluded that the planes were only gathering information, and decided not to take any action against them. This was a deadly mistake for the Japanese. At 8:15, the Enola Gay, an American B-29 bomber flew over the city of Hiroshima. At 30,000 feet the plane dropped it load, Little Boy, the world first atomic bomb. The bomb fell to 1,900 feet and then detonated over the city. â€Å"The bomb exploded with a blinding flash in the sky, and a great rush of air and a loud rumble of noise extended for many miles around the city; the first blast was soon followed by the sounds of falling buildings and of growingShow MoreRelated The Atomic Age1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe Atomic A ge The Atomic Age, composed of complex and controversial issues, has forever changed our world and the way in which we live. * What were the factors leading to the dropping of the atomic bomb? The answer to this question considers events dealing with atomic energy, the Manhatten Project, and controversial issues about when, where, how, and if the bomb should have been used. There are several events prior to the 1940s that led to the making of the bomb, but the majority of eventsRead MoreDebating History : Atomic Age947 Words   |  4 PagesRickey Nelson Core 145 Professor Culpepper May 1, 2015 Debating History – Atomic Age Towards the end of World War II, the belief that Americans had of the war was one of invading Japan and ending the war in traditional style and in traditional surrender. However, to the efforts of J. Robert Oppenheimer and fellow associates changed the course of warfare and history by creating the atomic bomb. The Manhattan Project The Manhattan project was a very key point in history that involved the productionRead MoreNuclear Technology And Its Impact On The Atomic Age1790 Words   |  8 Pagesfirst atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan. With the use of these new weapons a door was opened that could never be closed, a new and uncertain era was now upon the world, and the use of atomic power could mean the betterment or destruction of a nation at a moment’s notice. Whether you like it or not, you live in the atomic age and it can have many implications that you may or may not know about. The Manhattan Project is well known to have developed the first two atomic bombsRead MorePower, Ideology, and Terror in the Atomic Age Worksheet1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand Terror in the Atomic Age Worksheet The Cold War Answer each of the following questions in a single paragraph: 1. What role did atomic weapons play in the Cold War? Summarize nuclear developments from 1945 to 1991. After the Second World War, United States and the Soviet Union entered into a Cold War that lasted more the 40 years because both sides had Atomic Weapons that were aimed at each other with each side fearing and dreading what a Hot War would cause if Atomic Weapons were usedRead MoreCuiousity and a Sense of Adventure Drove the Atomic Age574 Words   |  2 Pages The Atomic Age was driven by curiosity and a sense of adventure. As some of the most well thinkers of the day continued with passion about physics, their self confident in peeling the layers of the proverbial scientific onion led to severe unintended consequences that dramatically impacted the lives of billions of people. Moreover, complacency fuelled by arrogance resulted in the betrayal of compassion and principled action, ultimately leading to the sacrifice of millions to pay the debt of a fewRead MoreHiroshima-Nagasaki: Entering Into the Atomic Age Essay2153 Words   |  9 PagesOn August 6, 1945, in an attempt to bring an end to World War II, the United States dropped the world’s first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a Japanese city and military center. Most of the population stood helpless in the open as the sighting of only three aircraft quickly caused a roaring of air raid warnings. The extraordinary event destroyed nearly two-thirds of the city and immediately killed tens of thousands of people, and tens of thousands more died later from radiation exposure. Sixteen hoursRead MoreAlbert Einstein s Theory Of Relativity And The Father Of The Atomic Age1174 Words   |  5 Pagesscientific community, but for the entire world, it is easy to label him as one of the most qualified candidates. Throughout his career, he developed many names for himself. Most notably, he was known as the father of relativity and the father of the atomic age. These two titles alone speak volumes about his achievements and contributions to science, but it is important to examine how he got his name in the history bo oks, and how he made such a big name for himself in his seventy six years of life. MostRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Was Built During Ww21066 Words   |  5 PagesThe atomic bomb was built during ww2 and was a major factor in winning the war against the japanese. Germany began to develop the atomic bomb and roosevelt caught wind of this and he put a group of scientist together to develop the atomic bomb before the germans developed it. Einstein found proof that the germans were going to use uranium to build the atomic bomb â€Å"I understand that Germany has actually stopped the sale of uranium from the Czechoslovakian mines, which she has taken over†(Einstein)Read MoreThe Effects Of Long Term Radiation Related Health On A Unique Human Population1347 Words   |  6 PagesJournal Article Review We learned about the end World War 2 and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the atomic bomb but rarely do people talk about the affect effects of what happened after that to the people who were affected by the bombs. This scholarly journal titled: â€Å"Long-term Radiation-Related Health Effects in a Unique Human Population: Lessons Learned from the Atomic Bomb Survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki† by numerous authors: Evan B. Douple, PhD, Kiyohiko Mabuchi, MD, DrPH, HarryRead MoreThe Effects Of Bombs1020 Words   |  5 PagesIf we are to look at the history of mankind, human conflict and wars have existed since prehistoric ages as a way of settling differences. However, in late centuries when battles between oppositions were settled beyond the gates of the city, with the technological advancements that have conquered armed forces and soldiery, they have been aimed against housing which is the primordial element of urbanization. The city itself as a form, as an instit ution, as a way of life, becomes the target. Modern

The Insanity Defense in Criminal Cases

The standard for claiming a defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity has changed through the years from strict guidelines to a more lenient interpretation, and back to a more strict standard again. Although definitions of legal insanity differ from state to state, generally a person is considered insane and is not responsible for criminal conduct if, at the time of the offense, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, he was unable to appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of his acts. This reasoning is, because willfull intent is an essential part of most offenses, a person who is insane is not capable of forming such intent. Mental disease or defect does not alone constitute a legal insanity defense. The defendant has the burden of proving the defense of insanity by clear and convincing evidence. The history of the insanity defense in modern times comes from the 1843 case of Daniel MNaghten, who tried to assassinate the prime minister of Britain and was found not guilty because he was insane at the time. The public outrage after his acquittal prompted the creation of a strict definition of legal insanity which is known as the MNaghten Rule. The MNaghten Rule basically said a person was not legally insane unless he is incapable of appreciating his surroundings because of a powerful mental delusion. The Durham Standard The Durham standard was a much more lenient guideline for the insanity defense, but it addressed the issue of convicting mentally ill defendants, which was allowed under the MNaghten Rule. However, the Durham standard drew much criticism because of its expansive definition of legal insanity. The Model Penal Code, published by the American Law Institute, provided a standard for legal insanity that was a compromise between the strict MNaghten Rule and the lenient Durham ruling. Under the MPC standard, a defendant is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law. The MPC Standard The MPC standard was popular until 1981, when John Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity under those guidelines for the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan. Again, public outrage at Hinckleys acquittal caused lawmakers to pass legislation that reverted back to the strict MNaghten standard, and some states attempted to abolish the insanity defense altogether. Today the standard for proving legal insanity varies widely from state to state, but most jurisdictions have returned to a more strict interpretation of the definition.

Behind the Fences The History of Japanese Americans Essay

Between the years of 1942- 1945, the lives of many Japanese Americans were changed. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese military made the United States concerned about national security. The US was also made wary of Japanese people living in America, even though they were legal citizens. This fear of the Japanese immigrants put into motion the document that would forever leave an impact on the unsuspecting Asian foreigners. The Japanese were often lead away from their homes, mistreated, and in the end they were released after years of imprisonment, but the effects of the tragedy were too great to ignore. The order that would lead to the change in the lives of Japanese Americans was issued on February 19, 1942. It was signed by†¦show more content†¦They were forced to receive identification numbers and new housing inside a small, dingy, and poor camp. They were also given vaccines, to protect them from diseases that they might encounter while in the camp. The living sp ace inside the camps was very small, and most people were forced to live in small shacks or stables. After they got to the camps, they were forced to face unsanitary living conditions. People were shocked to see the conditions of the camps. Many people actually died because of the unsanitary conditions. There were also many health issues that were the result of the conditions of the camps, one author says, â€Å"Long-term health consequences included psychological anguish, as well as increased cardiovascular disease† (Gwendolyn M. Jensen). One reason that the conditions were so terrible was because of the amount of people that were being stuffed into the camps. There were over 122,000 Japanese Americans being shoved into only ten camps around the country. These camps were located in California, Colorado, Texas, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Arizona, and Arkansas. The daily lives of the Japanese Americans consisted of many of the same things that they would normally do, except in har sher conditions. For the most part, the children were given an education; although it was not aShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Pearl Harbor1475 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Japanese had economic success for a long time, also with an American fear of WWII, the Nazis, and a long-standing anti-Asian racism turned into disaster when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The bombing killed more than 2,300 Americans. It completely destroyed the American battleship U.S.S. Arizona and capsized the U.S.S. Oklahoma. The attack sank or beached a total of twelve ships and damaged nine others. 160 aircraft were destroyed and 150 others damaged. Lobbyists fromRead More Snow Falling on Cedars Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pagessince history was recorded. Even the most open-minded people and enlightened organizations can be blamed as being prejudice sometime or another. However, prejudice always takes its toll from these people who form opinions beforehand or without any facts. The novel, Snow Falling On Cedars, take place during a time in which Americans are prejudice towards Japanese people. David Guterson’s novel takes place several years after World War II when hatred towards the Japanese filled Americans’ heartsRead MorePresident Franklin Roosevelt and Pearl Harbor705 Words   |  3 PagesAmerica by the Japanese because they weren’t able to get aid from Japanese Americans because they were tested for their loyalty (Takagi).Disloyal Japanese Americans no longer had a way to assist the Japanese (Sonia). By testing the Japanese Americans Roosevelt protected the USA from any more attacks. Another main justification for the creation of internment camps is that Americans were paranoid that Japanese Americans were aiding the Japanese and they constantly felt unsafe, so Japanese being in internmentRead MoreWhy Mine Okubo Was An American Citizen Of Japanese Descent1117 Words   |  5 PagesMine Okubo was an American citizen of Japanese des cent, artist, and writer who was one of over a hundred thousand Japanese people that were forced into internment camps for â€Å"protective purposes† during World War II. In her graphic novel Citizen 13660, which was named after the number designated to her family unit, Okubo documents her journey from her initial relocation to Tanforan Assembly Center after the Pearl Harbor attack, up until she is finally granted release from the Central Utah RelocationRead MoreJapanese Internment Camps718 Words   |  3 PagesJapanese interment camps, if youre like me, are unheard of. The camps happened during World War II. It was a sad situation that America seems to hide because there is no way to justify what they did. American citizens had their rights stripped away before their eyes. They were treated awful despite what the Constitution said. Japanese interment camps began after the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. The repercussions of Pearl Harbor stereotyped Japanese people as untrustworthy. In February of 1942,Read MoreJapanese-American Internment Camps In Nisei Daughter By Monica Sone940 Words   |  4 PagesAfter Japanese terrorist attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941, Americans have discriminated Japanese- Americans after their tremendous incident. Since the U.S. proclaimed a war zone, they decided to send Japanese-Americans to internment camps to keep themselves â€Å"secure†. The U.S. also sent Japanese-Americans to internment camps to make it accessible for the military to find Japanese spies. Some people accepted the execution the U.S. took to clarify this situation and some disagreed withRead More Japanese Alien and Japanese-American Poets In U. S. Relocation Camps4710 Words   |  19 PagesOn February 19, 1942, Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued the infamous Executive Order 9066, which resulted in the internment of 110,000 Japanese Aliens and Japanese Americans in concentration camps because of the so-called military threat, they posed. In 1945, poet Lawson Fusao Inada wrote the following poem, titled Concentration Constellation, which refers to the various relocation camps that were used to contain these people: In this earthly configuration, We have, not points of light, butRead MoreThe Threat Of The Atomic Bomb1131 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been many wars the United States of America have fought in since World War I to the ruthless naval sea battle in World War II with the Japanese. There is no question about it that war is a great catastrophe, which leads to death of soldiers, destruction, butchery, but the worst kind of all the atomic war. One only has to think of the havoc this nuclear war would cause Capio mentioned in the article Airpower Journal (68). Just like when the United States Air Force dropped the Atomic bombRead MoreRhetoric Of A World War II Political Cartoon Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesdrawn by Theodor Seuss Geisel knew now as Dr. Seuss, famous for writing children’s books. This 1942 World War II cartoon depicts Japanese Americans living on the West Coast as guilty for having helped convict the treacherous act of the bombardment of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. As well as this image depicts Japanese Americans a s untrustworthy forcing Japanese Americans to be relocated and interned after. 2. This ad appeared in 1942, a year later after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Before the attackRead MoreJapanese Internment Camps during WWII1584 Words   |  7 PagesIn many times throughout history groups of people have been discriminated against based on race or religion. These people receive inferior rights because of the discrimination. In some cases they do not get citizenship, in others they are segregated from others, and physically harmed. Two groups of people that faced discrimination near World War II (WWII) were the Jewish people and Japanese Americans. Both groups faced very different types of discrimination by different oppressors with different

Socialization Primary Socialization free essay sample

Types of Socialization Primary socialization Primary socialization occurs when a child learns the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. For example if a child saw his/her mother expressing a discriminatory opinion about a minority group, then that child may think this behavior is acceptable and could continue to have this opinion about minority groups. Secondary socialization Secondary socialization refers to the process of learning what is appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society. It is usually associated with teenagers and adults, and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialization. eg. entering a new profession, relocating to a new environment or society. Developmental socialization Developmental socialization is the process of learning behavior in a social institution or developing your social skills. Anticipatory socialization Anticipatory socialization refers to the processes of socialization in which a person rehearses for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. Resocialization Resocialization refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in ones life. This occurs throughout the human life cycle (Schaefer Lamm, 1992: 113). Resocialization can be an intense experience, with the individual experiencing a sharp break with their past, and needing to learn and be exposed to radically different norms and values. An example might be the experience of a young man or woman leaving home to join the military, or a religious convert internalizing the beliefs and rituals of a new faith. An extreme example would be the process by which a transsexual learns to function socially in a dramatically altered gender role. Gender socialization Henslin (1999:76) contends that an important part of socialization is the learning of culturally defined gender roles. Gender socialization refers to the learning of behavior and attitudes considered appropriate for a given sex. Boys learn to be boys and girls learn to be girls. This learning happens by way of many different agents of socialization. The family is certainly important in reinforcing gender roles, but so are one’s friends, school, work and the mass media. Gender roles are reinforced through countless subtle and not so subtle ways Media and socialization Theorists like Parsons and textbook writers like Ely Chinoy (1960) and Harry M. Johnson (1961) recognized that socialization didn’t stop when childhood ended. They realized that socialization continued in adulthood, but they treated it as a form of specialized education. Johnson (1961), for example, wrote about the importance of inculcating members of the US Coastguard with a set of values to do with responding to commands and acting in unison without question. Later scholars accused these theorists of socialization of not recognizing the importance of the mass media which, by the middle of the twentieth century were becoming more significant as a social force. There was concern about the link between television and the education and socialization of children – it continues today – but when it came to adults, the mass media were regarded merely as sources of information and entertainment rather than moulders of personality. According to these Some sociologists and theorists of culture have recognized the power of mass communication as a socialization device. Dennis McQuail recognizes the argument: †¦ the media can teach norms and values by way of symbolic reward and punishment for different kinds of behaviour as represented in the media. An alternative view is that it is a learning process whereby we all learn how to behave in certain situations and the expectations which go with a given role or status in society. Thus the media are continually offering pictures of life and models of behaviour in advance of actual experience. —McQuail 2005: 494) Racial Socialization Racial socialization has been defined as the developmental processes by which children acquire the behaviors, perceptions, values, and attitudes of an ethnic group, and come to see themselves and others as members of the group. [12] The existing literature conceptualizes racial socialization as having multiple dimensions. Researchers have identified five dimensions that commonly appear in the racial socialization literature: cultural socialization, preparation for bias, promotion of mistrust, egalitarianism, and other. [13] Cultural socialization refers to parenting practices that teach African American children about their racial history or heritage and is also referred to as pride development. Preparation for bias refers to parenting practices focused on preparing African American children to be aware of, and cope with, discrimination. Promotion of mistrust refers to the parenting practices of socializing children to be wary of people from other races. Egalitarianism refers to socializing children with the belief that all people are equal and should be treated with a common humanity. [14] PROCESS Socialization is important in the process of personality formation. While much of human personality is the result of our genes, the socialization process can mold it in particular directions by encouraging specific beliefs and attitudes as well as selectively providing experiences. Successful socialization can result in uniformity within a society. If all children receive the same socialization, it is likely that they will share the same beliefs and expectations. This fact has been a strong motivation for national governments around the world to standardize education and make it compulsory for all children. Deciding what things will be taught and how they are taught is a powerful political tool for controlling people. Those who internalize the norms of society are less likely to break the law or to want radical social changes. Large-scale societies are usually composed of many ethnic groups. As a consequence, early socialization in different families often varies in techniques, goals, and expectations. Since these complex societies are not culturally homogenous, they do not have unanimous agreement about what should be the shared norms. Not surprisingly, this national ambiguity usually results in more tolerance of social deviancyit is more acceptable to be different in appearance, personality, and actions in such large-scale societies.